During lunchtime this afternoon Earl and I were lucky enough to steal away to the Commonwealth Club and hear a lecture by former FDA Commissioner Dr. David Kessler, focusing on his new book The End of Overeating.
The funniest part is at the beginning of the lecture when Dr. Kessler had us examine his new bookcover, and asked, “to which part of this cover is your attention immediately drawn?”

What part of this cover are your eyes immediately drawn to?
Now, I don’t even LIKE carrot cake, but I’d be lying if I told you I wasn’t sitting there in my uncomfortable lecture-chair thinking, “now hmm, I wonder if that frosting is cream-cheese based?” Oh, and how cute is that little frosting carrot? Just adorable! Frosting carrots are like, way more fun to eat than boring ole real carrots…amiright?
I’m going to try and sum up a few of the more interesting points I took away from Dr. Kessler’s talk, although please note these are just my interpretations of what he presented, and based off rough scratch notes I took in my planner. Any inaccuracies or misinterpretations are my fault alone.
The first thing he opened with were some staggering statistics highlighting the “pernicious epidemic” of obesity which the world population is facing. I took this to be the “scare the audience into paying attention” introduction. You’ve heard all these statistics, of rising diabetes and obesity among the world, even in children and infants. One interesting tidbit- did you know on average Americans used to chew 20 times per bite, and now we chew only THREE times per bite?! It’s a combination of both us gulping down our food more and also declining quality of food (Dr. Kessler referred to it as “adult babyfood” that we are eating).
Effectively what the talk centered on is the brain-altering addicting properties of the combination of sugars, fats and salt. Examining a study jovially titled, “Deconstructing the Vanilla Milkshake,” we learned how, when a food delivers both sugars AND fats at the same time, it creates a synergistic effort. In other words, the “crave” factor increases. This rises even more when you pair sugars, fats, AND salts together in one vehicle. The dopamine in our brains make these foods capture our attention and we become focused on these particularly salient stimuli.
(SUGARS + FATS + SALTS) = do not satiate us, they stimulate to make us eat even more!
An interesting finding Dr. Kessler discovered during his tenure at Yale is that, when in the presence of a varied and limitless diet, animals and humans will eat excessively. In other words, think of a typical “supermarket diet.” If you offer a rat a variety of limitless amounts of cookies, some peanut butter, some chips, the rat will NOT going to satiate itself and effectively will keep eating forever. On the other hand, present the same rat with unlimited plain kibble, and Ratty becomes tired of the food and stops eating when he is satiated. [Note-- I am not sure if Linus would apply to this, I am pretty sure he is impossible to satiate even when faced with never-ending kibble.... and only in his wildest dreams will we be testing this experiment out on him!]
Now here was the part of the lecture that really spoke to me, because I fall prey to the EXACT THING Dr. Kessler was telling us about. He shared how, when he’s travelling and his plane touches down at SFO, he immediately becomes excited and anxious, anticipating hitting up his favorite Chinese dumpling cart parked in the SFO terminal. He then told us how when he drives along 101N his car will frequently “mysteriously” end up at In & Out Burger. These things- the plane landing, his car pulling onto 101N, they are cues that prompt a dopamine response to food. I have the same reaction more than I care to admit! For example, take me anywhere near Manhattan’s upper west side and I am a Pavlov Dog dreaming of the flawless egg salad sandwich from Lenny’s… or a memory happens to drifts through my mind of working on trading floor at 245 Park and I can practically taste that Monday/Friday Ess-a-Bagel habit!
We learned that many Americans operate on a Reward Based Eating System; these people can also be called “Conditioned Hypereaters.” They constitute the following three factors:
- loss of control in the face of highly palpable food
- preoccupation with food (thinking about food between meals)
- lack of satiation when eating
Hello, World, my name is Courtney, and I operate on a Reward Based Eating System!
I am not alone. When Dr. Kessler broke down the statistics, we saw the following numbers for Conditioned Hypereaters:
- 50% of obese people
- 30% of overweight people
- 17 % of lean people
Interestingly, the 17% of lean people who are Conditioned Hypereaters, Dr. Kessler told us, can “maintain their weight, yet live in a state of constant torment.” In a conditioned hypereater, the amygdala (the part of the brain that responds to cues), is not only enhanced with presented with sugary, fatty and salty food, but it actually does not shut off! That is a large part of the reason people are not able to achieve satiety when consuming these kinds of foods.
So, you’ve determined you are a Conditioned Hypereater. Are you forever doomed to not be able to control yourself in the face of your trigger foods? Well, kind of. Think of it as an alchoholic- that person is always going to be an alchoholic, but he can learn ways to manage his life. Here are a few of the tools we picked up: First, know what cues you have to food. Be aware of the sights, smells, times of day that trigger a response. Then, distract yourself. What Dr. Kessler does when he lands at SFO to avoid that dumpling cart is he heads immediately straight to baggage claim. The next thing we learned were some ways to “cool down the stimulus,” in other words to put yourself in food rehab. Some techniques:
- Reduce the chances of being stimulated- ie avoid cues, avoid being primed for cues, and avoid being deprived so you are sensitive to the cues
- Reduce the power of the stimulus- develop a set of rules, structure & plan your eating so that the stimulus is not applicable to your life
- Change the value of the stimulus- have a critical perception shift of what the stimulus means to you- in other words, associate the stimulus with a negative thing (unhealthy)
Finally, we were left with how learning and applying the information we garnered from his lecture is not going to be a 30 day, 60 day, or 90 day change, that eating control must be a lifetime decision. One must bring it under control for life and there are no short fixes. What Dr. Kessler stated as the main objective for his book is that he’s trying to change the perception of the combination of fats, sugars and salts in the American diet. He wants people to be able to look at food as a stimulus and not just a yummy object. I believe with this new knowledge, I can accomplish this… yet must admit this new perspective is certainly going to take the joy out of chowing down those plates of nachos! Although doesn’t that seem to be his objective?